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Axiom of Maria is a precept in alchemy: "One becomes two, two becomes three, and out of the third comes the one as the fourth." It is attributed to 3rd century alchemist Maria Prophetissa, also called the Jewess, sister of Moses, or the Copt.〔Jung, CW 12, p. 160〕 Marie-Louise von Franz gives an alternative version thus: "Out of the One comes Two, out of Two comes Three, and from the Third comes the One as the Fourth."〔von Franz, p. 65〕 Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung (1875–1961) used the axiom as a metaphor for the process of individuation. ''One'' is unconscious wholeness; ''two'' is the conflict of opposites; ''three'' points to a potential resolution; ''the third'' is the transcendent function, described as a "psychic function that arises from the tension between consciousness and the unconscious and supports their union";〔Sharp, p.135〕 and ''the one as the fourth'' is a transformed state of consciousness, relatively whole and at peace. Jung speaks of the axiom of Maria as running in various forms through the whole of alchemy like a ''leitmotiv.'' In "The Psychology of the Transference" he writes of the fourfold nature of the transforming process using the language of Greek alchemy: :"It begins with the four separate elements, the state of chaos, and ascends by degrees to the three manifestations of Mercurius〔Haeffner, p. 173〕 in the inorganic, organic, and spiritual worlds; and, after attaining the form of Sol and Luna (i.e., the precious metal gold and silver, but also the radiance of the gods who can overcome the strife of the elements by love), it culminates in the one and indivisible (incorruptible, ethereal, eternal) nature of the ''anima'', the ''quinta essentia'', ''aqua permanens'', tincture, or ''lapis philosophorum''. This progression from the number 4 to 3 to 2 to 1 is the 'axiom of Maria'..."〔Jung, CW 16, p.207 (par.404)〕 The Axiom of Maria may be interpreted as an alchemical analogy of the process of individuation from the many to the one, from undifferentiated unconsciousness to individual consciousness. == See also == * Hegelian dialectic 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Axiom of Maria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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